HA'AKALEIKINI (HOAKALAIKINI, HOAKA-LEI-KANI)
Hoaka-lei-kani is the name used by S.M. Kamakau in "Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii'.
KUMAKAHA (KUMUKAHA, KUMAKAHA-O-PAUMAKUA)
A. Fornander calls him "Kumakuhu" and incorrectly makes him the brother of Moanaimua instead of the son.
- DEAN KEKOOLANI
MOANAAULII (MOANA-'AULI'I, MOEMOE-A-'AULI'I))
S.M. Kamakau uses the names "Moanaaulii (Moana-'auli'i)" and "Moemoe-a-'auli'i". He also says that to this family belongs KAMAPUA'A and the PELE family.
MOEANAIMUA (MOE-ANA-I-MUA, MOANAIMUA,MOENAIMUU, MOENAIMAU)
A. Fornander calls him "Moenaimuu" and incorrectly calls him the brother of Kumakaha instead of his father.
- DEAN KEKOOLANI
(Oahu Paumakua) PAUMAKUA (PAUMAKUA-A-LONOHO'ONEWA)
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**********************************************************************************************************************This chief named Paumakua is the son of Pau. But instead of being called "Paumakua-a-Pau", he is surnamed after his great-grandfather Lonoho'onewa and is known as "Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa". The Oahu chief Lonoho'ohewa became famous as a voyaging chief when he went to Kahiki. Paumakua followed in his ancestor's footsteps and also traveled to Kahiki. So he takes after his forefather Lonoho'onewa, hence, "Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa". Six generations after Paumakua, his own descendant Laamaikahiki would also continue the tradition of voyaging and travel to Kahiki.
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ABOUT THE NAME "PAUMAKUA"
Hawaiian traditions mention three Paumakuas:
(1) HAWAI'I ISLAND PAUMAKUA: "Paumakua-a-Hoohokulani", the son of Hakalanileo (k.) and Hoohokukalani (w.)
(2) MAUI PAUMAKUA: "Paumakua-a-Hua", the son of Hua-nui-i-ka-la-la'ila'i (k.) and Kapoea (w.)
(3) OAHU PAUMAKU: "Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa", the son of Pau (k.) and Kapalakuakalani (w.). But instead of being called "Paumakua-a-Pau", he is surnamed after his great-grandfather Lonoho'onewa and is known as "Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa". The Oahu chief Lonoho'ohewa was famous as a voyaging chief who he went to Kahiki. Paumakua followed in his ancestor's footsteps and also traveled to Kahiki. So he takes after his forefather Lonoho'onewa, hence, "Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa". Six generations after Paumakua, his own descendant Laamaikahiki would also continue the tradition of voyaging and travel to Kahiki. This is the famous Paumakua who was an explorer of places outside the Hawaiian Islands. His achievements and adventures are sometimes appropriated by the chiefs of Maui and Hawaii for their own ancestors who are also named Paumakua. The Appendix of "Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii" has Kamakau saying his father was Lonoho'onewa, skipping two generations, which is incorrect and contradicts Kamakau's own writings in Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (Newspaper) MAY 4, 1865 "He Mau Olele Mua No Ka Mookuauhau o Kamehameha I", Clearly, the editors of "Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii" have made a mistake.
The two Paumakuas from Maui and Hawaii Island are frequently confused with one another in the Maui and Hawaii genealogies. This is because of technical weakness in the genealogies of Hawaii and Maui. Those genealogies from the southern part of the Hawaiian islands are in general weaker and inferior in quality and accuracy to the genealogies of O'ahu and Kauai in the north. The northern genealogies, which emphasize the Nanaulu and Maweke lineages are older, better maintained, less tampered with and are also generally more internally coherent than the southern genealogies from Maui and Hawaii.The mixing of Paumakuas by the Maui and Hawaii chiefs is the kind of ambuiguity typical of those southern traditions, which need to always be cross referenced and verfied by the northern traditions, whenever possible.
DEAN KEKOOLANI
January 29, 2010
Kapolei, O'ahu, Hawaii-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOLOMON L.K. PELEIOHOLANI ON THE PAUMAKUASFrom Genealogy of the Robinson family, and ancient legends and chants of Hawaii:
"Some genealogies give the name of Paumakua's parents Huanuikalani, the father and Kapea, the mother. There were two Paumakuas known in Hawaiian traditions: a Hawaii Paumakua and a Maui Paumakua. The latter was the son of Huanuikalailai. It is said that [there is also] an Oahu Paumakua [who] was born a Kuaaohe in Kailua, Koolaupoko. His [great-grand] father's name was Lonohoonewa. That the voyages of the Oahu Paumaku to foriegn lands, 'and his exploits and adventures promiscuosly ascribed by later legends to Paumakua, the ancestor of Hawaii and Maui chiefs".
[ ] brackets above by DEAN KEKOOLANI
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ABOUT S.M. KAMAKAU AND THE PAUMAKUAS ("TALES & TRADITIONS")
(by Dean Kekoolani)Two of the chiefs named Paumakuas are frequently mixed up: the Maui Paumakua and The Hawaii Island Paumakua. Both have genealogical ties to the Maui chiefs. But one is explicitely claimed and regarded by all as a Hawaii Island chief and the other a Maui Island chief. But often people still don't know who they are talking about the genealogies and disambiguation become necessary at some point.
S.M. Kamakau himself admits he is not sure which Paumakua he is trying to describe in Part 1 of "Tales & Traditions of People of Old", noting only that he knows the Paumakua he is concerned with can be traced back to Hema through one of his ancestors, the chiefess Mano-ka-lili-lani.
Today, using forensic genealogy techniques, we can calculate that Kamakau was talking about the Hawaii Island Paumakua (Paumakua-a-Hoohokukalani). This Paumakua is 13 generations from Hema through Mano-ka-lili-lani.
The other Paumakua (Paumakua-a-Hua) was the Maui Paumakua and was born two generations earlier, being 11 generations from Hema and is related to the chiefess Mano-ka-lili-lani but is not her direct descendant.
Unfortunately, in the same passage, he also incorrectly attributes the travels of the Oahu Paumakua (Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa) to this particular Paumakua.
However, appears to redemm himself later in Part 2 of "Tales & Traditions of People of Old" by giving us a detailed description of the O'ahu Paumakus (Paumakua-a-Lonoho'onewa ) when he discusses the history of chiefs traveling to Kahiki.
So the deficiency Kamakau appears to display in Part 1 is not his fault, but rather due to the construction of the book itself, which was put together from newspaper articles long after Kamakau died. It is unfortunate that the editors of "Tales and Traditions" did not annotate the text to show in Part 1 that Kamakau knew about all the Paumakuas and was aware of who traveled to Kahiki and that this would be addressed in Part 2 later. This lack of explanation is a disservice to S.M. Kamakau. In my opinion, this needs to be corrected by the publishers of future editions with a footnote and not just an entry in the notes section later. It's a minor fix and a fair one to expect."Tales and Traditions" did not annotate the text to show in Part 1 that Kamakau knew about all the Paumakua.
LONOHOONEWA (LONOHONUAHEWA, LONOHO'ONEWA, LONOHUANEWA)
The genealogy of Lonohuewa is given to us by Kamakau. This chief is also mentioned in passing only by S.L.K. Peleioholani who clarifies that the Paumakua who travels to Kahiki (there are 3 Paumakus in the Hawaiian genealogies) is the from Oahu and is the son of Lonohuanewa.
The Appendix of "Ruling Chiefs" has Kamakau saying his parents are Au-anini and Waliha'akana, which is incorrect and contradicts Kamakau's own writings in Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (Newspaper) MAY 4, 1865 "He Mau Olele Mua No Ka Mookuauhau o Kamehameha I", Clearly, the editors of "Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii" have made a mistake.
The Appendix of "Ruling Chiefs" has Kamakau saying Au-anini was married to Waliha'akana (rather than Maunakuahaokalani) and that they were the parents of Lonohoonewa (rather than Newalani), which is incorrect and contradicts Kamakau's own writings in Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (Newspaper) MAY 4, 1865 "He Mau Olele Mua No Ka Mookuauhau o Kamehameha I", Clearly, the editors of "Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii" have made a mistake.